PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Each step of the cell cycle is monitored by internal controls called checkpoints. There are three major checkpoints in the cell cycle: one near the end of G1, a second at the G2/M transition, and the third during metaphase.

Detailed explanation-2: -A checkpoint is one of several points in the eukaryotic cell cycle at which the progression of a cell to the next stage in the cycle can be halted until conditions are favorable. These checkpoints occur near the end of G1, at the G2/M transition, and during metaphase (Figure 2).

Detailed explanation-3: -Cell cycle checkpoints are surveillance mechanisms that monitor the order, integrity, and fidelity of the major events of the cell cycle. These include growth to the appropriate cell size, the replication and integrity of the chromosomes, and their accurate segregation at mitosis.

Detailed explanation-4: -The critical checkpoints that control the cell cycle are the: G1 to S stage and G2 to M stage. During which stage of the cell cycle is cell growth and replication of organelles most significant?

Detailed explanation-5: -G1 phase – cell growth. S phase – DNA synthetization. G2 phase – preparation for cell division. M phase – daughter cell formation through mitosis. G1 checkpoint – size and nutrient verification. G2 checkpoint – DNA quality control. M checkpoint – nuclear division setup check.