PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Mitochondrial swelling, together with swelling and vesiculation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, constitutes the change called cloudy swelling by pathologists (see also page 430).

Detailed explanation-2: -In healthy cells, sodium and potassium are controlled at the cell membrane level to prevent cloudy swelling. It leads to an accumulation of sodium inside the cell and the escape of potassium from the cell. Thus, rapid infiltration of water into the cell causes cellular swelling.

Detailed explanation-3: -Cytoskeletal alterations after ATP depletion apparently underlie herniation of the plasma membrane at sites of bleb formation, whereas swelling is driven by disruption of cellular ion transport (Gores et al.