PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In prokaryotes, the DNA (chromosome) is in contact with the cellular cytoplasm and is not in a housed membrane-bound nucleus. In eukaryotes, however, the DNA takes the form of compact chromosomes separated from the rest of the cell by a nuclear membrane (also called a nuclear envelope).

Detailed explanation-2: -These membrane-bound structures are called organelles. In eukaryotes, the cell’s genetic material, or DNA, is contained within an organelle called the nucleus, where it is organized in long molecules called chromosomes.

Detailed explanation-3: -Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of DNA tightly wound around clusters of histone proteins. In general, eukaryotic cells contain a lot more genetic material than prokaryotic cells. For example, each human cell has around 2m, or 3 billion base pairs, of DNA that must be compacted to fit within the nucleus.

Detailed explanation-4: -Eukaryotic cells are those that contain a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. All plants, animals, fungi, and protists are eukaryotes. The membrane-bound nucleus is an organelle. Specifically, the nucleus is like the brain of the cell, containing all genetic material and directing cell function.