PATHOLOGY MCQ
CELL DAMAGE
Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
|
|
oncogenes
|
|
tumor suppressor genes
|
|
DNA repair proteins
|
|
None of the above
|
Detailed explanation-1: -Proto-oncogenes are genes that normally help cells grow and divide to make new cells, or to help cells stay alive. When a proto-oncogene mutates (changes) or there are too many copies of it, it can become turned on (activated) when it is not supposed to be, at which point it’s now called an oncogene.
Detailed explanation-2: -However, if an error (mutation) occurs in a proto-oncogene, the gene can become turned on when isn’t supposed to be. If this happens, the proto-oncogene can turn into a malfunctioning gene called an oncogene. Cells will start to grow out of control, which leads to cancer.
Detailed explanation-3: -The activation of oncogenes involves genetic changes to cellular protooncogenes. The consequence of these genetic alterations is to confer a growth advantage to the cell. Three genetic mechanisms activate oncogenes in human neoplasms: (1) mutation, (2) gene amplification, and (3) chromosome rearrangements.