PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The cell membrane is also called the plasma membrane. It provides protection for the cell and its cellular components from the external environment. It is selectively permeable and regulates the movement of molecules in and out of the cell.

Detailed explanation-2: -Pumps, also called transporters, are transmembrane proteins that actively move ions and/or solutes against a concentration or electrochemical gradient across biological membranes. Pumps generate a membrane potential by creating an electrochemical gradient across the membrane.

Detailed explanation-3: -Structure and function of the cell membrane The cell membrane is semipermeable (or selectively permeable). It is made of a phospholipid bilayer, along with other various lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.