PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Viruses can be transmitted through air, water, food, insect bites, and direct skin contact. Once a virus gains entry to the body, it invades a host cell in order to-A deactivate the host cell’s defenses B synthesize antibodies for defense C metabolize host proteins and grow D access cellular processes for replication.

Detailed explanation-2: -Once a virus gets into a host’s body, it travels along the surfaces of cells until its proteins begin to bind with receptors on the cells. The virus and the cells then fuse, allowing the DNA or RNA inside the virus to enter the cells, where it begins to reproduce.

Detailed explanation-3: -Common portals of virus entry. Viruses are able to gain entry into the body through a variety of different portals. These include the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, or genital tract, as well as infection of the skin or underlying subcutaneous tissue.

Detailed explanation-4: -Implantation at the Portal of Entry Virions implant onto living cells mainly via the respiratory, gastrointestinal, skin-penetrating, and genital routes although other routes can be used. The final outcome of infection may be determined by the dose and location of the virus as well as its infectivity and virulence.