PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Hypoxia is a broad term used for a condition where oxygen demand exceeds oxygen supply. As a result of hypoxia, ATP levels drop, cellular functions cannot be maintained, and–if the insult lasts long enough–cells die.

Detailed explanation-2: -However, although autophagy is best characterized as a survival response, it can also function as a mechanism of programmed cell death. Our results show that autophagic cell death is induced by hypoxia in cancer cells with intact apoptotic machinery.

Detailed explanation-3: -Hypoxia, as one of the severe cellular stresses, can cause cellular injury and even cell death. Apoptosis is the main mechanism of regulating cell death and is closely related to the cell death caused by hypoxia. However, hypoxia-induced apoptosis is not entirely the result of direct hypoxic stimulus of cells.

Detailed explanation-4: -Oxygen deprivation. A hypoxic state results in reduced aerobic oxidative respiration, which results in cell injury. Physical agents. Chemical agents and drugs. Immunologic reactions. Infectious agents. Nutritional imbalances. Genetic derangement. Hypoxia and ischemic cell injury.