PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -CDK/cyclin complexes regulate the RNAPII-based transcription cycle of pre-initiation, initiation, elongation, and termination.

Detailed explanation-2: -Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are protein kinases characterized by needing a separate subunit-a cyclin-that provides domains essential for enzymatic activity. CDKs play important roles in the control of cell division and modulate transcription in response to several extra-and intracellular cues.

Detailed explanation-3: -cyclin: any of a group of proteins that regulates the cell cycle by forming a complex with kinases. cyclin-dependent kinase: (CDK) a member of a family of protein kinases first discovered for its role in regulating the cell cycle through phosphorylation.

Detailed explanation-4: -Cell cycle progression is regulated in part by the sequential activity of various cyclins. The cyclins are regulatory subunits that bind, activate and provide substrate specificity for their catalytic partner serine-threonine kinases, collectively called cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) (reviewed in refs. 8 and 9).