PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Cancer cells acquire mutations which make them grow without such stimulation. Cells with this type of mutation are said to be transformed. Normal cells can only divide a limited number of times and then senesce and die by apoptosis. Cancer cells avoid this limitation and can replicate an unlimited number of times.

Detailed explanation-2: -Morphological and functional characteristics of the malignant cell. Morphologically, the cancerous cell is characterized by a large nucleus, having an irregular size and shape, the nucleoli are prominent, the cytoplasm is scarce and intensely colored or, on the contrary, is pale.

Detailed explanation-3: -Most cancer-causing DNA changes occur in sections of DNA called genes. These changes are also called genetic changes. A DNA change can cause genes involved in normal cell growth to become oncogenes. Unlike normal genes, oncogenes cannot be turned off, so they cause uncontrolled cell growth.

Detailed explanation-4: -Unlike normal cells, cancer cells don’t stop growing and dividing when there are enough of them. So the cells keep doubling, forming a lump (tumour) that grows in size.

Detailed explanation-5: -Cancer is a disease in which some of the body’s cells grow uncontrollably. There are many different types of cancer, and each begins when a single cell acquires a genomic change (or mutation) that allows the cell to divide and multiply unchecked.