PATHOLOGY MCQ
CELL DAMAGE
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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DNA damage to a proto-oncogene, inactive p53 gene, active BRCA1 gene, active telomerase
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DNA damage to a proto-oncogene, active p53 gene, inactive BRCA1 gene, active telomerase
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No DNA damage to a proto-oncogene, inactive p53 gene, inactive BRCA1 gene, active telomerase
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DNA damage to a proto-oncogene, inactive p53 gene, inactive BRCA1 gene, active telomerase
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Detailed explanation-1: -On DNA damage, p53 is phosphorylated by DNA-PK and RPA is phosphorylated by both ATM at ATR at two sites. Only together can these phosphorylation events disrupt the p53-RPA interaction, liberating both proteins to carry out their DNA-damage-associated functions.
Detailed explanation-2: -Cancer-related genetic changes can occur because: random mistakes in our DNA happen as our cells multiply. our DNA is altered by carcinogens in our environment, such as chemicals in tobacco smoke, UV rays from the sun, and the human papillomavirus (HPV)
Detailed explanation-3: -Taken together, it appears that in certain cancers, p53 is mutated late in the tumorigenesis process or plays a significant role in those advanced stages, leading to a more aggressive and invasive tumor.
Detailed explanation-4: -Proto-oncogenes are genes that normally help cells grow and divide to make new cells, or to help cells stay alive. When a proto-oncogene mutates (changes) or there are too many copies of it, it can become turned on (activated) when it is not supposed to be, at which point it’s now called an oncogene.