PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The laboratory specialist uses a microscope to examine the size, shape, and number of chromosomes in the cell sample. The stained sample is photographed to show the arrangement of the chromosomes. This is called a karyotype. Certain problems can be identified through the number or arrangement of the chromosomes.

Detailed explanation-2: -A karyotype test checks the chromosomes in your cells to: See whether you have a full set of 46 chromosomes. Having too many or too few chromosomes can cause serious problems with health, growth, and normal development, such as Down syndrome (extra chromosome 21) and Turner syndrome (missing X chromosome).

Detailed explanation-3: -To obtain a view of an individual’s karyotype, cytologists photograph the chromosomes and then cut and paste each chromosome into a chart, or karyogram, also known as an ideogram. In a given species, chromosomes can be identified by their number, size, centromere position, and banding pattern.

Detailed explanation-4: -Karyotype tests can take several forms: Blood test, which is the most common way to perform chromosome testing in adults, infants and children. Bone aspiration and biopsy, which tests a sample of bone marrow in people with certain cancers or blood disorders. Amniocentesis, which takes a sample of amniotic fluid.