PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Genome editing is a new method that gives scientists more precise and targeted ways to develop new crop varieties. Genome editing tools can make it easier and quicker to make changes that were previously done through traditional breeding.

Detailed explanation-2: -Crops are genetically engineered to carry the gene from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. The bacteria produce a protein that is toxic when ingested by certain Lepidopteran insects. Crops containing the Bt gene are able to produce this toxin, thereby provid-ing protection throughout the entire plant.

Detailed explanation-3: -First, scientists identify a strain of Bt that kills the targeted insect. Then they isolate the gene that produces the lethal protein. That gene is removed from the Bt bacterium and a gene conferring resistance to a chemical (usually antibiotic or herbicide) is attached that will prove useful in a later step.

Detailed explanation-4: -Genetic engineering facilitates development of insect resistant crops by expressing bacterial -endotoxins and vegetative insecticidal proteins and other plant genes like lectins, protease inhibitors, etc.