PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Punnett square is a graphical way of showing all possible outcomes of a cross. Therefore, it is useful to predict the genotypes resulting from a monohybrid or dihybrid cross. In contrast, pedigree analysis is a chart that shows the inheritance pattern of a trait (gene) in three or more generations of a family.

Detailed explanation-2: -By analyzing a pedigree, we can determine genotypes, identify phenotypes, and predict how a trait will be passed on in the future. The information from a pedigree makes it possible to determine how certain alleles are inherited: whether they are dominant, recessive, autosomal, or sex-linked.

Detailed explanation-3: -How are pedigrees used by genetic counselors? Genetic counselors use pedigrees like the one above to figure out how certain conditions are being passed down through a family and which family members, who may seem healthy now, could be at risk of already having that condition or developing it later.

Detailed explanation-4: -The genetic counselor or other healthcare professional will collect your personal and family health history. They can use this information to determine how likely it is that you or your family member has a genetic condition.