PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Streisinger noticed that mutations occurred in areas of DNA that contained many repeated sequences. When a strand-slippage error occurs, an insertion mutation can result. How does the insertion mutation affect the DNA? Nitrogenous bases are added.

Detailed explanation-2: -An insertion mutation occurs when an extra nucleotide is added to the DNA strand during replication. This can happen when the replicating strand “slips, ‘’ or wrinkles, which allows the extra nucleotide to be incorporated (Figure 2). Strand slippage can also lead to deletion mutations.

Detailed explanation-3: -Sometimes, gene variants (also known as mutations) prevent one or more proteins from working properly. By changing a gene’s instructions for making a protein, a variant can cause a protein to malfunction or to not be produced at all.

Detailed explanation-4: -the mating partner of the organisms. A mutation in the gametes (sperm or egg cells) of an organism means that the mutation will be present in the genetic material that is passed on during reproduction.

Detailed explanation-5: -An insertion changes the DNA sequence by adding one or more nucleotides to the gene. As a result, the protein made from the gene may not function properly. A deletion changes the DNA sequence by removing at least one nucleotide in a gene.