PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Restriction enzymes can be used to isolate single genes. This leaves the plasmid with two “sticky” ends, which will now accept the foreign gene. After the foreign gene is inserted, another enzyme, called a ligase, is used to sew the plasmid together.

Detailed explanation-2: -The most used enzymes are DNA polymerase, Reverse transcriptase, DNA ligase, restriction endonuclease, alkaline phosphatase. DNA polymerase functions in duplicating the content of DNA of a cell at the time of cell division.

Detailed explanation-3: -Scientists mix the gene and the opened vector together with a bacterial enzyme called DNA ligase. The ligase sticks DNA ends together to form a single circular molecule that includes both the vector and the gene.

Detailed explanation-4: -The first step in the development of recombinant DNA technology was the characterization of restriction endonucleases-enzymes that cleave DNA at specific sequences. These enzymes were identified in bacteria, where they apparently provide a defense against the entry of foreign DNA (e.g., from a virus) into the cell.

Detailed explanation-5: -Recombination is the process through which a new gene is inserted into a bacterial DNA “The plasmid". The DNA needs to be cut with an enzyme called a restriction enzyme.