PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Cas9 uses the HNH domain to cleave the DNA strand complementary to the crRNA sequence and the RuvC domain to cleave the DNA strand that is non-complementary to crRNA (Gasiunas et al., 2012; Jinek et al., 2012).

Detailed explanation-2: -CRISPR/Cas9 edits genes by precisely cutting DNA and then letting natural DNA repair processes to take over. The system consists of two parts: the Cas9 enzyme and a guide RNA. Rapidly translating a revolutionary technology into transformative therapies.

Detailed explanation-3: -The Cas9 protein, obtained from the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes, functions together with a “guide” RNA that targets a complementary 20-nucleotide stretch of DNA. Once the RNA identifies a sequence matching these nucleotides, Cas9 cuts the double-stranded DNA helix.

Detailed explanation-4: -CRISPR/Cas9 works by cutting a DNA sequence at a specific genetic location and deleting or inserting DNA sequences, which can change a single base pair of DNA, large pieces of chromosomes, or regulation of gene expression levels.