PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments (or other macromolecules, such as RNA and proteins) based on their size and charge. Electrophoresis involves running a current through a gel containing the molecules of interest.

Detailed explanation-2: -Electrophoresis is a technique commonly used in the lab to separate charged molecules, like DNA, according to size.

Detailed explanation-3: -Agarose gel electrophoresis is the most effective way of separating DNA fragments of varying sizes ranging from 100 bp to 25 kb(1). Agarose is isolated from the seaweed genera Gelidium and Gracilaria, and consists of repeated agarobiose (L-and D-galactose) subunits(2).

Detailed explanation-4: -The process in which separated bands of DNA are cut out and extracted from the agarose gel is known as elution.

Detailed explanation-5: -Gel electrophoresis apparatus – an agarose gel is placed in this buffer-filled box and an electrical current is applied via the power supply to the rear. The negative terminal is at the far end (black wire), so DNA migrates toward the positively charged anode (red wire).