PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Macrophages produce a variety of factors that stimulate the proliferation, differentiation, and activation of fibroblasts, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and stem and progenitor cells that facilitate tissue repair.

Detailed explanation-2: -Macrophages, as widely distributed innate immune cells, not only play an important role in various pathological processes, but also participate in the repair process before tissue regeneration and coordinate the regeneration process after repair.

Detailed explanation-3: -Once the acute injury has been controlled, macrophages play a role in suppressing inflammation and initiating wound repair by clearing debris and producing growth factors and mediators that provide trophic support to the tissue in which they reside (48).

Detailed explanation-4: -Macrophages not only play an important role in the repair of damaged nerves, but also represent a therapeutic target for treatment of peripheral nerve injury. Owing to their pro-and anti-inflammatory nature, macrophages are able to protect tissues and promote repair.