PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The wound healing process is usually characterized as four sequential but overlapping phases: haemostasis (0–several hours after injury), inflammation (1–3 days), proliferation (4–21 days) and remodelling (21 days–1 year) [1].

Detailed explanation-2: -Inflammation, the next stage of wound healing occurs within the first 24 hours after injury and can last for up to 2 weeks in normal wounds and significantly longer in chronic non-healing wounds (Figure 23.3).

Detailed explanation-3: -The four cardinal signs of inflammation are swelling, pain, redness, and localized heat.

Detailed explanation-4: -Wound healing is classically divided into 4 stages: (A) hemostasis, (B) inflammation, (C) proliferation, and (D) remodeling. Each stage is characterized by key molecular and cellular events and is coordinated by a host of secreted factors that are recognized and released by the cells of the wounding response.

Detailed explanation-5: -The inflammatory phase is characterized by hemostasis, chemotaxis, and increased vascular permeability, limiting further damage, closing the wound, removing cellular debris and bacteria, and fostering cellular migration. The duration of the inflammatory stage usually lasts several days.[2]