PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The wound healing process is usually characterized as four sequential but overlapping phases: haemostasis (0–several hours after injury), inflammation (1–3 days), proliferation (4–21 days) and remodelling (21 days–1 year) [1].

Detailed explanation-2: -The inflammatory response has four phases: inflammatory inducers (infection or tissue damage), inflammatory sensors (mast cells and macrophages), inflammatory mediators (cytokines, chemokines, etc.) and the tissues that are affected. Each phase has many options that are triggered based on the type pathogen introduced.

Detailed explanation-3: -The five cardinal signs are heat, pain, redness, swelling, and loss of function (Latin calor, dolor, rubor, tumor, and functio laesa).

Detailed explanation-4: -Inflammatory phase – This phase begins at the time of injury and lasts up to four days. It includes clotting of platelets and constriction of blood vessels to stop blood loss, in addition to the arrival of white blood cells to kill bacteria and naturally clean the wound site.