PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Cytotoxic CD8 T cells carry out their killing function by releasing two types of preformed cytotoxic protein: the granzymes, which seem able to induce apoptosis in any type of target cell, and the pore-forming protein perforin, which punches holes in the target-cell membrane through which the granzymes can enter.

Detailed explanation-2: -Granzymes are a family of serine proteases stored in granules inside cytotoxic cells of the immune system. Granzyme K (GrK) has been only limitedly characterized and knowledge on its molecular functions is emerging. Traditionally GrK is described as a granule-secreted, pro-apoptotic serine protease.

Detailed explanation-3: -CTL and NK cell granules contain perforin and granzymes The lytic granules contain the pore-forming protein perforin and a series of granule-associated enzymes, called granzymes.

Detailed explanation-4: -Pancreatic cells may be destroyed in perforin/granzyme B-dependent pathway, Fas/FasL-dependent pathway as well as in a consequence of proinflammatory cytokines release (interferon, interleukins). It was shown that more than one cytotoxic mechanism is involved in cells destruction.