PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Antibodies help the body to fight microbes or the toxins (poisons) they produce. They do this by recognising substances called antigens on the surface of the microbe, or in the chemicals they produce, which mark the microbe or toxin as being foreign. The antibodies then mark these antigens for destruction.

Detailed explanation-2: -Antibodies are compounds of protein and sugar that circulate in the bloodstream. They are created by the immune system to fight germs and foreign substances. Antibodies can quickly detect germs and other potentially harmful substances, and then attach to them.

Detailed explanation-3: -Antibodies recognize all types of antigens, except self-antigens. This feature is called “immune tolerance.” B cells that react to self-antigens are generated, but are eliminated within the bone marrow.

Detailed explanation-4: -An antibody is a protein produced by the body’s immune system when it detects harmful substances, called antigens. Examples of antigens include microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses) and chemicals.