PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -It allows the bacterium to produce a dormant and highly resistant cell to preserve the cell’s genetic material in times of extreme stress. Endospores can survive environmental assaults that would normally kill the bacterium.

Detailed explanation-2: -An endospore is a dormant, tough, and non-reproductive structure produced by certain bacteria from the Firmicute phylum. Endospore formation is usually triggered by lack of nutrients, and usually occurs in Gram-positive bacteria.

Detailed explanation-3: -After the process of sporulation, bacterial endospores remain in a dormant, metabolically inert state that is resistant to heat, UV damage, desiccation and physical disruption [108]. This state may persist for years to decades or even longer.

Detailed explanation-4: -Endospore formation is usually triggered by a lack of nutrients; it is a stripped-down, dormant form to which the bacterium can reduce itself. The endospore consists of the bacterium’s deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribosomes, and large amounts of dipicolinic acid.

Detailed explanation-5: -Endospores ensure the survival of bacteria in adverse environmental conditions such as nutrient deficiency (carbon and nitrogen) and overpopulation. In addition, endospores are highly resistant to heat, radiation, chemical disinfectants, or desiccation.