PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The innate immune system also includes mechanisms for involuntary removal of pathogens, such as sneezing, coughing, and vomiting. Adaptive, or acquired, immunity is not present at birth, responds more slowly to pathogens, and develops over time to defend against specific pathogens.

Detailed explanation-2: -The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defense against germs entering the body. It responds in the same way to all germs and foreign substances, which is why it is sometimes referred to as the “nonspecific” immune system.

Detailed explanation-3: -Note:Immunity present by birth is called innate immunity, it is of four types; physical, physiological, cellular and cytokine. This type of immunity is not as strong as acquired immunity.

Detailed explanation-4: -The recognition of innate immune receptors leads to the induction of inflammatory and adaptive immune responses by activating downstream signaling pathways. Allergy is an immune‐related disease and results from a hypersensitive immune response to harmless substances in the environment.

Detailed explanation-5: -There are two types of immunity: active and passive.