PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The first line of defense is biofilms, which can be formed by most bacteria to overcome the action of antimicrobial agents. In addition, some other bacteria employ the second line of defense, the cell wall, cell membrane, and encased efflux pumps.

Detailed explanation-2: -Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus This type of bacteria is resistant to many antibiotics, including methicillin. Most methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA, infections contracted outside of a hospital are skin infections.

Detailed explanation-3: -Important examples are: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) multi-drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB)

Detailed explanation-4: -Penicillins-for example, phenoxymethylpenicillin, flucloxacillin and amoxicillin. Cephalosporins-for example, cefaclor, cefadroxil and cefalexin. Tetracyclines-for example, tetracycline, doxycycline and lymecycline. Aminoglycosides-for example, gentamicin and tobramycin. More items