PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Primary inflammatory stimuli, including microbial products and cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), mediate inflammation through interaction with the TLRs, IL-1 receptor (IL-1R), IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), and the TNF receptor (TNFR) [20].

Detailed explanation-2: -Neutrophils are continuously recruited to the site of chronic inflammation and contribute to driving the process through the release of serine proteases and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), as well as the activation of other immune cells.

Detailed explanation-3: -Left unaddressed, chronic inflammation can damage healthy cells, tissues and organs, and may cause internal scarring, tissue death and damage to the DNA in previously healthy cells. Ultimately, this can lead to the development of potentially disabling or life-threatening illnesses, such as cancer or Type-2 diabetes.

Detailed explanation-4: -Body pain, arthralgia, myalgia. Chronic fatigue and insomnia. Depression, anxiety and mood disorders. Gastrointestinal complications like constipation, diarrhea, and acid reflux. Weight gain or weight loss. Frequent infections.