PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Macrophages are important components of the mononuclear phagocyte system, and are critical in inflammation initiation, maintenance, and resolution [75]. During inflammation, macrophages present antigens, undergo phagocytosis, and modulate the immune response by producing cytokines and growth factors.

Detailed explanation-2: -Macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells, and osteoclasts are among these dedicated cells. These professional phagocytes express several phagocytic receptors that activate signaling pathways resulting in phagocytosis.

Detailed explanation-3: -Neutrophils. These cells are most abundant and effective during the inflammation and phagocytosis processes.

Detailed explanation-4: -Professional phagocytes [2] include monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, osteoclasts, and eosinophils. These cells are in charge of eliminating microorganisms and of presenting them to cells of the adaptive immune system.

Detailed explanation-5: -Macrophages are the principal source of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-, IL-6, and IL-1 in sepsis, which aggravate the inflammatory response. Macrophages also produce a large amount of nitric oxide, which causes hypotension and tissue damage during sepsis [4].