PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The four cardinal signs of inflammation are redness (Latin rubor), heat (calor), swelling (tumor), and pain (dolor). Redness is caused by the dilation of small blood vessels in the area of injury.

Detailed explanation-2: -rubor m (genitive rubōris); third declension. redness. (by extension) blush. (figuratively) modesty. (figuratively) shame, disgrace.

Detailed explanation-3: -The five cardinal signs are heat, pain, redness, swelling, and loss of function (Latin calor, dolor, rubor, tumor, and functio laesa).

Detailed explanation-4: -The word inflammation comes from the Latin inflammare (to set on fire). The Roman Celsus is credited as first documenting (1st century AD) the four cardinal signs of inflammation: rubor et tumor cum calore et dolore (redness and swelling with heat and pain).