PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Endogenous pyrogens are substances, which originate inside the body and which are capable of inducing fever by acting on the hypothalamic thermoregulatory centre.

Detailed explanation-2: -IL-1 (previously known as endogenous pyrogen), TNF, and IL-6 are able to raise the temperature setpoint of an organism and cause fever. These cytokines stimulate production of inducible cyclooxygenase (i.e., cyclooxygenase 2), which induces the hypothalamic production of prostaglandins, particularly prostaglandin E2.

Detailed explanation-3: -The thermoregulatory center located in the anterior hypothalamus regulates internal temperature at approximately 37° C, primarily by its ability to balance heat production and peripheral heat loss. During fever, the thermostat setting in the hypothalamic center shifts upward, from 37° C to 39° C, for example.

Detailed explanation-4: -The induction of fever during infection These innate immune cells release prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as well as pyrogenic cytokines (namely, interleukin-1 (IL-1) IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)) that act systemically to induce fever.

Detailed explanation-5: -It is triggered by floating biochemical substances called pyrogens, which flow from sites where the immune system has identified potential trouble to the hypothalamus via the bloodstream. Some pyrogens are produced by body tissue; many pathogens also produce pyrogens.