PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The sphincter of Oddi is a cylindrically shaped smooth muscle located where the distal CBD and the main pancreatic duct meet at the entrance to the duodenum. The role of the sphincter of Oddi is to regulate the flow of bile and pancreatic enzymes into the duodenum by antegrade phasic contractions.

Detailed explanation-2: -The sphincter of Oddi is a muscular valve responsible for controlling the flow of bile and pancreatic secretions through the ampulla of Vater into the second part of the duodenum.

Detailed explanation-3: -Production of the bile and pancreas juices and their release into the duodenum through the papilla of Vater are controlled by abdominal nerves and also specific messengers (hormones) which pass to their targets through the bloodstream.

Detailed explanation-4: -The sphincter of Oddi (also known as the sphincter of ampulla or choledochal sphincter) is a complex of four smooth muscle sphincters within the duodenal wall.