PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Ganglion cells are the major output cells of the retina. Their axons gather at the optic disk, where they become myelinated and form the optic nerve. As their message is conveyed over a significant distance, it is encoded as trains of spikes (also known as ‘action potentials’, or ‘neural impulses’).

Detailed explanation-2: -There are about 120 million rods and 6 million cones, whilst the output of the retina is transmitted by around 1.2 million retinal ganglion cells. Thus, there exists significant “pre-processing” of the visual signal by the retinal neuronal layers.