PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The sodium-potassium pump system moves sodium and potassium ions against large concentration gradients. It moves two potassium ions into the cell where potassium levels are high, and pumps three sodium ions out of the cell and into the extracellular fluid.

Detailed explanation-2: -Answer and Explanation: The operation of a sodium-potassium pump moves (D) Sodium out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell. The movement of these ions is against their respective concentration gradients and therefore is a form of active transport.

Detailed explanation-3: -The Na+ K+ pump is an electrogenic transmembrane ATPase first discovered in 1957 and situated in the outer plasma membrane of the cells; on the cytosolic side. [1][2] The Na+ K+ ATPase pumps 3 Na+ out of the cell and 2K+ that into the cell, for every single ATP consumed.

Detailed explanation-4: -The sodium-potassium pump goes through cycles of shape changes to help maintain a negative membrane potential. In each cycle, three sodium ions exit the cell, while two potassium ions enter the cell.