PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -This causes an increase in water absorption as well as activation of aldosterone. Aldosterone causes sodium to be absorbed and potassium to be excreted into the lumen by principal cells. In alpha intercalated cells, located in the late distal tubule and collecting duct, hydrogen ions and potassium ions are exchanged.

Detailed explanation-2: -Aldosterone release causes sodium and water retention, which causes increased blood volume, and a subsequent increase in blood pressure, which is sensed by the baroreceptors. To maintain normal homeostasis these receptors also detect low blood pressure or low blood volume, causing aldosterone to be released.

Detailed explanation-3: -13) When aldosterone release is inhibited, sodium reabsorption cannot occur beyond the distal convoluted tubule. 14) Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of sodium while enhancing potassium secretion. 15) Some potassium ions are reabsorbed from the kidney filtrate via type A intercalated cells.