GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

Detailed explanation-1: -Acyl carrier protein (ACP) transports the growing fatty acid chain between enzyme domains of fatty acid synthase (FAS) during biosynthesis. Because FAS enzymes operate upon ACP-bound acyl groups, ACP must stabilize and transport the growing lipid chain.

Detailed explanation-2: -Acetyl-CoA carboxylases 1 and 2 (ACC1 and ACC2) catalyze the synthesis of malonyl-CoA, the substrate for fatty acid synthesis and the regulator of fatty acid oxidation. They are highly regulated and play important roles in the energy metabolism of fatty acids in animals, including humans.

Detailed explanation-3: -The fatty acid degradation does not utilize the acyl carrier protein. These molecules are moved via carnitine carrier protein to the mitochondria for degradation. Therefore, the acyl carrier protein is not used in fatty acid degradation. Instead, it is involved in the fatty acid synthesis.

Detailed explanation-4: -Abbreviations: ACP – Acyl carrier protein, CoA – Coenzyme A, NADP – Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Note that during fatty synthesis the reducing agent is NADPH, whereas NAD is the oxidizing agent in beta-oxidation (the breakdown of fatty acids to acetyl-CoA).