GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

Detailed explanation-1: -Descartes promoted rationalism instead of Bacon’s empiricism, and he promoted deductive reasoning instead of Bacon’s inductive reasoning. Descartes believed that our senses and observations were too easily led astray, and the only true knowledge lay in our minds.

Detailed explanation-2: -Also known as Alhazen, this brilliant Arab scholar from the 10th – 11th century, made significant contributions to the principles of optics, astronomy and mathematics, and developed his own methodology: experimentation as another mode of proving the basic hypothesis or premise.

Detailed explanation-3: -Testing hypotheses In order to test potential truths, or hypotheses, Bacon devised a method whereby scientists set up experiments to manipulate nature, and attempt to prove their hypotheses wrong.