IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) is a blood disorder in a fetus or newborn infant. In some infants, it can be fatal. Normally, red blood cells (RBCs) last for about 120 days in the body. In this disorder, RBCs in the blood are destroyed quickly and thus do not last as long.

Detailed explanation-2: -The main types are ABO HDN, Rhesus HDN, Kell HDN, and other antibodies. Combinations of antibodies (for example, anti-Rhc and anti-RhE occurring together) can be especially severe. ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn can range from mild to severe, but generally, it is a mild disease.

Detailed explanation-3: -HDN occurs when the blood types of a mother and baby are incompatible. If the baby’s incompatible red blood cells cross over to their mother, through the placenta during pregnancy or at delivery, the immune system sees them as foreign and responds by developing proteins called antibodies to attack and break them down.

Detailed explanation-4: -Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN) affects babies in the first few weeks to months after birth. HDN makes the baby’s red blood cells break up more quickly than usual. The most common form of HDN is Rhesus disease, where the mother’s blood group is Rhesus negative and the baby’s is Rhesus positive.