IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Type I hypersensitivity is also known as an immediate reaction and involves immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated release of antibodies against the soluble antigen. This results in mast cell degranulation and release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators.

Detailed explanation-2: -IgE-mediated food allergy is the most common and will be the focus of this review. It occurs in individuals who produce food-specific IgE antibodies. These subjects are often referred to as “sensitized”. These IgE antibodies are bound to the innate granulocytic effector cells of anaphylaxis, mast cells and basophils.

Detailed explanation-3: -Allergen-Specific IgA Antibodies Block IgE-Mediated Activation of Mast Cells and Basophils. Mast cells and basophils have long been implicated in the pathogenesis of IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions. They express the high-affinity IgE receptor, FcRI, on their surface.

Detailed explanation-4: -However, it is thought that the most crucial function of IgE in allergic diseases is its ability to sensitize mast cells to release biologically active mediators in an antigen-specific manner.

Detailed explanation-5: -Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies and mast cells have been so convincingly linked to the pathophysiology of anaphylaxis and other acute allergic reactions that it can be difficult to think of them in other contexts.

Detailed explanation-6: -Although anti-IgE is often referred to as an IgE-neutralizing antibody and can block IgE’s binding to high-affinity IgE Fc receptors (FcRI) on mast cells and basophils, it has multiple immunoregulatory effects.