IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The protein concentration in plasma/serum is approximately 60–80 mg/mL of which about 50–60% are albumins and 40% globulins (10–20% immunoglobulin G, IgG) [7, 8]. The size distribution of blood components ranges from small molecules and ions (< 1 nm) to about 15 m for white blood cells.

Detailed explanation-2: -Fibrinogen comprises 7% of blood proteins; conversion of fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin is essential for blood clotting. The remainder of the plasma proteins (1%) are regulatory proteins, such as enzymes, proenzymes, and hormones. All blood proteins are synthesized in liver except for the gamma globulins.

Detailed explanation-3: -Immunoglobulin G (IgG) accounts for 70% to 75% of the total immunoglobulins in plasma. Only 35% is found in the plasma space, and 65% is extravascular. IgG consists of two -heavy and two light chains, linked by disulfides.

Detailed explanation-4: -More than 90 percent of plasma is water. The remainder is mostly plasma proteins-mainly albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen-and other dissolved solutes such as glucose, lipids, electrolytes, and dissolved gases.