IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -HbA1c is formed if glucose attaches to the N-terminal valine of the -chain of hemoglobin. If the glucose attaches to proteins in the plasma, fructosamine or glycated albumin results.

Detailed explanation-2: -Glycohemoglobin, also known as glycosylated hemoglobin or hemoglobin A1C, is a hemoglobin-glucose combination formed nonenzymatically within the cell. Initially, an unstable bond is formed between glucose and the hemoglobin molecule.

Detailed explanation-3: -Among diabetics, the blood glucose levels increase in the blood and the glucose attaches to the hemoglobin molecule in a concentration-dependent manner. The glucose-bound (glycated) hemoglobin or HbA1c provides the average glucose levels in an individual’s blood as it becomes glycated with the hemoglobin.

Detailed explanation-4: -Hemoglobin becomes glycated or coated with glucose from the bloodstream. The amount of glucose that is present in the blood will attach to the hemoglobin protein, and increased glucose levels will reflect on the surface of the hemoglobin protein, thereby rendering a higher A1c level.