IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Apoptosis is not the only form of programmed cell death, but it is the form we understand best. Apoptosis is an orderly process in which the cell’s contents break down and are packaged into small packets of membrane for “garbage collection” by immune cells.

Detailed explanation-2: -Apoptosis describes the orchestrated collapse of a cell characterised by membrane blebbing, cell shrinkage, condensation of chromatin, and fragmentation of DNA followed by rapid engulfment of the corpse by neighbouring cells.

Detailed explanation-3: -There are 4 stages of apoptosis: the initiation or stimulus for cell death, the active programmed cell death when the events become irreversible, phagocytosis of the dead cellular material, and inhibitory mechanisms of apoptosis.