IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Those macrophages in turn secrete proinflammatory cytokines TNF, IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, and promote the development of Th1 lymphocytes.

Detailed explanation-2: -The cell acts based on the message it receives. For example, an immune cell may detect a harmful substance in your body, like a virus, and release cytokines in response. Cytokines can travel through your bloodstream or directly into tissue until they reach a cell with the matching receptor.

Detailed explanation-3: -Macrophages activated by contact with pathogens or danger signals release cytokines and chemokines as a major component of the innate immune response (1). Inflammatory cytokines recruit other immune cells and orchestrate the actions and fates of the cells secreting them and those in the surrounding milieu.

Detailed explanation-4: -Macrophages phagocytose foreign bodies and are antigen-presenting cells, using cytokines to stimulate specific antigen dependent responses by B and T cells and non-specific responses by other cell types.