IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Transduction involves the transfer of a DNA fragment from one bacterium to another by a bacteriophage. There are two forms of transduction: generalized transduction and specialized transduction.

Detailed explanation-2: -Gene exchange between viruses and their hosts acts as a key facilitator of horizontal gene transfer and is hypothesized to be a major driver of evolutionary change.

Detailed explanation-3: -Lateral movement, or movement of genetic information from a donor to an unrelated recipient, is called horizontal gene transfer. The transfer of genetic material horizontally usually involves the use of viruses, plasmids, or mobile elements such as transposons.