IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Explanation: The innate immune system is the non-specific immune system that you are born with. Cells of the innate immune system include mast cells, macrophages, neutrophils (and other white cells), natural killer cells, and complement (a group of proteins found in the blood).

Detailed explanation-2: -DAMPs AND PAMPs TRIGGER THE INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE DAMPs are endogenous molecules normally found in cells that get released during necrosis and contribute to sterile inflammation.

Detailed explanation-3: -The innate immune system includes physical and anatomical barriers as well as effector cells, antimicrobial peptides, soluble mediators, and cell receptors (Table 1). Skin and mucosa provide an effective immune barrier between the internal and external environment.

Detailed explanation-4: -After trauma, various pathways of innate immunity can induce posttraumatic endotheliopathy and further tissue damage.

Detailed explanation-5: -An important function of innate immunity is the rapid recruitment of immune cells to sites of infection and inflammation through the production of cytokines and chemokines (small proteins involved in cell–cell communication and recruitment).

Detailed explanation-6: -It does this through a nonspecific immune response known as inflammation. Inflammation, which is sometimes called the inflammatory response, is initiated by a special type of white blood cell called a mast cell. Mast cells detect injury or infection and respond by releasing a chemical called histamine.