IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The extracellular spaces are protected by the humoral immune response, in which antibodies produced by B cells cause the destruction of extracellular microorganisms and prevent the spread of intracellular infections. The activation of B cells and their differentiation into antibody-secreting plasma cells (Fig.

Detailed explanation-2: -Some of the mother’s antibodies are passed from the mother’s body to the fetus’ body. This is a humoral immunity example via natural passive way. Artificial active immunity: This immunity is built when an antigen enters the body in dead or attenuated form via vaccines (humoral immunity vaccines).

Detailed explanation-3: -The humoral immune system deals with antigens from pathogens that are freely circulating, or outside the infected cells. Antibodies produced by the B cells will bind to antigens, neutralizing them, or causing lysis (dissolution or destruction of cells by a lysin) or phagocytosis.

Detailed explanation-4: -Antibodies are the agents of humoral immunity. Antibodies occur in the blood, in gastric and mucus secretions, and in breast milk. Antibodies in these bodily fluids can bind pathogens and mark them for destruction by phagocytes before they are able to infect cells.

Detailed explanation-5: -Humoral immunity is the process of adaptive immunity manifested by the production of antibodies by B lymphocytes. It develops in bone marrow. B cells may be triggered to proliferate into plasma cells. Plasma cells produce antibodies.

Detailed explanation-6: -Innate immunity also comes in a protein chemical form, called innate humoral immunity. Examples include the body’s complement system and substances called interferon and interleukin-1 (which causes fever). If an antigen gets past these barriers, it is attacked and destroyed by other parts of the immune system.

Detailed explanation-7: -B cells are the major cell type involved in the humoral immune response.