IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -It is necessary to test the donor organs for compatibility with the person who is receiving the organ because, if immune system doesn’t recognize the organ, it might consider it as a foreign object, reject it and attack it.

Detailed explanation-2: -The immune response to a transplanted organ consists of both cellular (lymphocyte mediated) and humoral (antibody mediated) mechanisms. Although other cell types are also involved, the T cells are central in the rejection of grafts. The rejection reaction consists of the sensitization stage and the effector stage.

Detailed explanation-3: -There are three main blood tests that will determine if a patient and a potential donor are a kidney match. They are blood typing, tissue typing and cross-matching.

Detailed explanation-4: -The immune system’s white blood cells make specific proteins called antibodies and special cells called T cells that destroy the foreign cells. A transplanted organ is made entirely of cells with foreign (“nonself”) antigens which means the body will attack the transplanted organ.

Detailed explanation-5: -Graft rejection occurs when the recipient’s immune system attacks the donated graft and begins destroying the transplanted tissue or organ. The immune response is usually triggered by the presence of the donor’s own unique set of HLA proteins, which the recipient’s immune system will identify as foreign.

Detailed explanation-6: -They are blood type, crossmatch, and HLA testing. This blood test is the first step in the process of living donation and determines if you are compatible or a “match” to your recipient.

Detailed explanation-7: -Transplantation of cells, tissues, and organs from one individual to another can incite the production of antibodies specific for foreign antigens, especially major histocompatibility antigens, in the graft. Antibodies specific for a graft provide an index of immunity and a potential trigger for injury and rejection.