IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -T lymphocytes attach onto infected cells and release proteins. These proteins diffuse into the infected cells. This causes production of self-destructive enzymes, which cause cell death. The remains of the cell are then removed by phagocytosis .

Detailed explanation-2: -Armed effector cytotoxic CD8 T cells are essential in host defense against pathogens that live in the cytosol, the commonest of which are viruses. These cytotoxic T cells can kill any cell harboring such pathogens by recognizing foreign peptides that are transported to the cell surface bound to MHC class I molecules.

Detailed explanation-3: -B lymphocytes, also called B cells, create a type of protein called an antibody. These antibodies bind to pathogens or to foreign substances, such as toxins, to neutralize them. For example, an antibody can bind to a virus, which prevents it from entering a normal cell and causing infection.

Detailed explanation-4: -In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins called immunoglobulins. The antibodies circulate in the bloodstream and permeate the other body fluids, where they bind specifically to the foreign antigen that stimulated their production (Figure 24-2).

Detailed explanation-5: -B lymphocytes become cells that produce antibodies. Antibodies attach to a specific antigen and make it easier for the immune cells to destroy the antigen. T lymphocytes attack antigens directly and help control the immune response.

Detailed explanation-6: -Answer and Explanation: The B lymphocytes secrete proteins called immunoglobulins or antibodies that bind to specific foreign proteins (antigens) and tag the pathogens for destruction by the other immune cells (like T cells and natural killer cells).