IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -An inflammatory response begins when a pathogen stimulates an increase in blood flow to the infected area. Blood vessels in that area expand, and white blood cells leak from the vessels to invade the infected tissue. These white blood cells, called phagocytes engulf and destroy bacteria.

Detailed explanation-2: -The body’s second line of defense against pathogens includes the inflammatory response. If bacteria enter the skin through a scrape, the area may become red, warm, and painful. These are signs of inflammation. Inflammation is one way the body reacts to infections or injuries.

Detailed explanation-3: -The immune system’s three lines of defense include physical and chemical barriers, non-specific innate responses, and specific adaptive responses.