IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -How vaccines help. Vaccines contain weakened or inactive parts of a particular organism (antigen) that triggers an immune response within the body. Newer vaccines contain the blueprint for producing antigens rather than the antigen itself.

Detailed explanation-2: -The plasma cells produce antibodies (Y-or T-shaped molecules), which are trained specifically to attach to and inactivate the organism you are being vaccinated against. This response from your immune system, generated by the B lymphocytes, is known as the primary response.

Detailed explanation-3: -Vaccines protect everyone If a person infected with a disease comes in contact only with people who are immune (have been vaccinated), the disease will have little opportunity to spread. The type of protection created when most people are vaccinated is called “community immunity” (or herd immunity).

Detailed explanation-4: -Vaccines mimic infections mediating a primary immune response that leads to a secondary immune response when the body is confronted with the real infectious agent. The immune response and the formation of memory cells, important for immunization, are complex procedures, described in the following section.

Detailed explanation-5: -Vaccines and your immune system Vaccines give you immunity to a disease without you getting sick first. They are made using killed or weakened versions of the disease-causing germ or parts of the germ (called antigens). For some vaccines, genetic engineering is used to make the antigens used in the vaccine.

Detailed explanation-6: -It is normal to have a stronger reaction after the second dose because that’s when your immune system really kicks into gear. That big immune response is what causes the stronger reaction. It’s called a boosting phenomenon, and it builds an even greater ability to defeat COVID-19.

Detailed explanation-7: -Answer and Explanation: A vaccine is effective because of option (c): the secondary response of the adaptive immunity is faster and more efficient than the primary response. A vaccine usually consists of weakened, non-lethal versions of the target infectious microorganisms.