IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The lymphatic vessels come together in still-larger tubes called collecting ducts. A series of valves keep the fluid moving one way. The collecting ducts empty the lymph into the right or left lymphatic duct (thoracic duct).

Detailed explanation-2: -Most of the lymphatic vessels have valves like those in veins to keep the lymph, which can clot, flowing in the one direction (toward the heart).

Detailed explanation-3: -There is no pump in the lymphatic system like the heart in the cardiovascular system. The pressure gradients to move lymph through the vessels come from the skeletal muscle action, respiratory movement, and contraction of smooth muscle in vessel walls.

Detailed explanation-4: -To ensure that lymph does not flow backward, collecting lymphatic vessels and larger lymphatic vessels have one-way valves.

Detailed explanation-5: -The lymphatic system consists of lymphatic capillaries-termed initial lymphatics-that absorb interstitial fluid from the tissue and have unique overlapping endothelial cells6, which function as one-way valves to allow fluid to enter the vessels and prevent backflow into the tissue7, 8.

Detailed explanation-6: -Most of the lymphatic vessels have valves like those in veins to keep the lymph, which can clot, flowing in the one direction (toward the heart). Lymphatic vessels drain fluid called lymph from tissues throughout the body and return the fluid to the venous system through two collecting ducts.

Detailed explanation-7: -Lymphatic Valves Valves are found in larger lymph vessels and collecting vessels and are absent in the lymphatic capillaries. The valves is to prevent backflow of fluid, so that lymph eventually flows forward instead of falling backwards.