IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Once created by one of the 3 pathways, C3b binds to multiple sites on the cell surface of the pathogen. It then binds to receptors on the surface of the macrophage or neutrophil. C3b is best known for its opsonizing activity because when it coats the microbe, phagocytosis activity is increased.

Detailed explanation-2: -Another mechanism by which antibodies can response to pathogens is known as “opsonization.” By opsonization, antibodies enable phagocytes for ingesting and destroying the extracellular bacterium. The phagocytes recognize the Fc region of the antibodies coating the pathogen and foreign particles (Fig.

Detailed explanation-3: -This mechanism of antibody-mediated increase in phagocytic efficacy is named opsonization. Opsonization involves the binding of an opsonin (e.g., antibody) to an epitope on a pathogen. After opsonin binds to the membrane, phagocytes are attracted to the pathogen.

Detailed explanation-4: -In the case of bacteria, if the phagocyte cannot adhere directly, protein components of the blood known as opsonins (e.g., complement and antibodies) form a surface film on bacteria-a process known as opsonization.

Detailed explanation-5: -Opsonization is a process in which: D) an antibody coats an antigen to facilitate its recognition by immune cells.